Gender Inequality Experience in Organizational Promotions: A Metaphorical Reading of Glass Escalator effect

Authors

1 University of Ilam

2 Islamic Azad University

3 Ilam University, Ilam, Iran

Abstract

In early twentieth century with the advent of new technologies, changes in the architecture of kitchen, as one of the most important areas of the presence of women in a residential unit, were made. T
The main aim of this paper is to understand the process of appointing employees with a gendered approach, and the chosen conceptual metaphor to clarify it is glass escalator phenomenon. The research method in terms of its purpose is practical and in terms of its nature is a qualitative, based on lived experience approach. All female education managers of Ilam province were selected as the target community and through chain sampling method 16 interviews were done to reach the data saturation stage. The output of the interviews was coded in the form of 3 main categories, 17 sub-categories and 78 code concepts. The results showed that extra and intra-systemic factors and individual personality factors affect the development of glass escalation phenomena. The results showed that gender has an influential role in the appointment of managers in Ministry of Education and the existence of glass escalation phenomenon leads to ineffectiveness of women in implementing and playing organizational roles and results in numerous individual, social and organizational repercussions.
hese changes in the structure, layout and architecture of the kitchen’s space were in line with the cultural, economic and social characteristics of women which have been evolved over time in different ways. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of lifestyle in the form of technology components and women’s gender role as independent variables on architectural features and spatial organization of kitchen as a dependent variable, and in this study Pahlavi period is the control variable. Research methods in this research are descriptive-analytical, historical-interpretative and field-oriented methods. The data collection was done by library, documentary, direct and field observation methods. The results of the research show that the gender indices in this period have led to the equality of men and women, especially in the middle classes of the community. As a result, the houses’ interior and exterior spaces are gradually removed and the kitchen has been transported from the courtyard and basement into inside the house and was located as an intermediate space (common area) in relation to other spaces. The advent of modern architectural achievements made it possible the changes to be taken place.

Keywords

References

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History

  • Receive Date: 15 December 2017
  • Revise Date: 10 November 2018
  • Accept Date: 10 April 2018

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