بازنمایی زنان غیر اشراف در هنر دوره زند: تحلیل ویژگی‌های بصری و دلالت‌های اجتماعی بر اساس نظریه بازنمایی استوارت هال

Prior scholarship on women of the Zand period has predominantly been confined to historical aspects, offering limited insight into the social existence of non-aristocratic women. Consequently, the visual conventions governing the representation of this social group in the art of the period have remained unexamined. This research aims to identify the appearance characteristics of non-aristocratic women in Zand-era paintings and to analyze the correlation between these features and their social stratification. The primary research question is: what pictorial conventions governed the representation of non-aristocratic women in the art of the Zand era? Employing a qualitative, descriptive-analytical methodology and drawing on library-based data, this study conducts a content analysis of fifteen selected artworks from the Zand period. The analysis is grounded in Stuart Hall's theory of representation and a constructionist approach, wherein physical features (facial details, attire, and spatial positioning) are treated as "visual signifiers" that actively produce social meaning. The findings reveal a dualistic system of conventions: youth, adornment, and the three-quarter profile are employed as signifiers to represent the upper non-aristocratic class, while in contrast, old age, plain attire, and the profile view are used as signs to construct a subordinate status. The results demonstrate that the paintings of.