واکاوی کارآفرینی زنان عضو هیئت علمی در ایران: موانع، پیشران‌ها، و راهبردها

نوع مقاله : علمی-پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار، سیاستگذاری علم و فناوری، پژوهشگاه علوم و فناوری اطلاعات ایران (ایرانداک)، تهران، ایران

2 استادیار، مدیریت فناوری اطلاعات، پژوهشگاه علوم و فناوری اطلاعات ایران (ایرانداک)، تهران، ایران

10.30465/ws.2024.49175.4146

چکیده

این پژوهش با هدف تحلیل دیدگاه‌ها و راهبردهای کارآفرینی اعضای هیئت علمی زن در مؤسسات ایرانی با روش تحلیل سوات (SWOT) انجام شده است. نخست، از طریق بررسی گسترده دیدگاه‌های نظری و مطالعات مرتبط، نقاط قوت، ضعف، فرصت‌ها و تهدیدهای کارآفرینی زنان عضو هیئت علمی شناسایی شده است. دوم، این عوامل با نظرسنجی از اعضای هیئت علمی زن در مؤسسات ایرانی از طریق پرسشنامه، اعتباریابی شده‌اند. سپس، بر اساس تحلیل SWOT در یک گروه کانونی، راهبردهای کارآفرینی زنان عضو هیئت علمی تدوین و در چهار دسته راهبردهای تهاجمی (SO)، محافظه‌کارانه (WO)، رقابتی (ST) ، و تدافعی (WT) طبقه‌بندی شده است. یافته ها نشان دادند که مهمترین نقطه قوت اعضای هیأت علمی زن در کارآفرینی مدارک تحصیلی بالا، مهمترین نقطه ضعف دسترسی محدود به سرمایه و بازار، مهمترین فرصت‌، افزایش تعداد زنان تحصیل‌کرده، و مهمترین تهدید کلیشه‌های جنسیتی هستند. ماتریس تحلیل داخلی-خارجی در این پژوهش پیشنهاد می‌کند که راهبردهای تدافعی (WT) باید برای ارتقای کارآفرینی اعضای هیئت علمی زن در ایران در اولویت قرار بگیرد. این راهبردها بر توسعه مهارت‌های کارآفرینی، اصلاحات سیاست‌گذاری، مشوق‌های مالی و اعتبارات، ایجاد یک جامعه حمایتی برای رسیدگی به تعارضات کار و زندگی، و توسعه مشارکت سیاستی زنان تأکید دارند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Analyzing the Entrepreneurship of Women Faculty Members in Iran: Barriers, Drivers, and Strategies

نویسندگان [English]

  • Leila Namdarian 1
  • Hamid Reza Khedmatgozar 2
1 Associate Professor of Science and Technology Policy, Iranian Research Institute for Information Science and Technology (IRANDOC)
2 Assistant Professor of Information Technology Management, Iranian Research Institute for Information Science and Technology (IRANDOC)
چکیده [English]

This research was conducted to analyze the views and entrepreneurial strategies of female faculty members in Iranian institutions using the SWOT analysis method. First, through an extensive review of theoretical perspectives and related studies, the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of entrepreneurship of female faculty members have been identified. Second, these factors have been validated by surveying female faculty members in Iranian institutions through a questionnaire. Then, based on the SWOT analysis in a focus group, the entrepreneurial strategies of female faculty members have been compiled and classified into four categories: aggressive(SO), conservative (WO), competitive (ST), and defensive(WT) strategies. The findings showed that the most important strength of female faculty members in entrepreneurship are high educational qualifications, the most important weakness of limited access to capital and the market, the most important opportunity, the increase in the number of educated women, and the most important threat of gender stereotypes.The internal-external analysis matrix in this research suggests that defensive strategies (WT) should be prioritized to promote the entrepreneurship of female faculty members in Iran. These strategies emphasize the development of entrepreneurial skills, policymaking reforms, financial incentives and credits, building a supportive community to address work-life conflicts, and developing women's political participation.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Entrepreneurial Strategies
  • Women Entrepreneurship
  • Academic Entrepreneurship
  • SWOT Analysis
  • Iran’s Higher Education
  • Gender Barriers in Academia

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 12 خرداد 1403
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 19 شهریور 1403
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 01 مهر 1403

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